When specifying outdoor benches for commercial settings like shopping centers, stadiums, or public plazas, a common question arises: are fire-rated materials required? The answer isn't always straightforward and depends heavily on local building codes and the specific application.
Generally, international building codes (IBC) and local amendments primarily regulate fire safety for interior materials and building construction. Outdoor furniture, including benches, often falls outside strict *fire-resistance* ratings that apply to structural elements. However, many jurisdictions enforce regulations on flame spread and smoke development for materials used in public spaces, especially those attached to buildings or under covered areas.
The key concern is not that benches must withstand intense fire like a firewall, but that they should not contribute rapidly to a fire's growth. For areas like covered walkways, transit shelters, or near building exits, authorities having jurisdiction (AHJs) may require materials with a Class A flame spread rating (0-25) as per ASTM E84 or a similar standard. This means the material slows flame propagation significantly.
Common compliant solutions include:
* Metal: Aluminum, steel, and cast iron are inherently non-combustible.
* Concrete: A classic, durable, and fire-inert choice.
* Certain treated woods: Fire-retardant treated wood (FRTW) that has been pressure-impregnated to meet specific standards.
* High-performance plastics: Some engineered polymers and composites can achieve favorable flame spread ratings.
Always consult with your project's architect, fire marshal, or local building department early in the specification process. They provide definitive guidance based on your project's location, design, and intended use. Proactively choosing materials with excellent flame spread characteristics demonstrates a commitment to safety and can streamline the approval process for your commercial outdoor space.