Yes, many urban benches are intentionally designed to be uncomfortable for sleeping, often as part of what’s called “hostile architecture” or “defensive design.” If you’ve ever sat on a bench with armrests in the middle, or one made of individual tilted slats, you’ve probably experienced this firsthand. These designs aim to discourage loitering, sleeping, or any prolonged use by people, especially those experiencing homelessness.
The most common examples include benches with divided seating—where armrests break the flat surface into short sections—making it impossible to lie down. Others feature metal spikes, curved surfaces, or sharp angles. In some cities, benches are made from heated or slippery materials. The idea is simple: make the space so uncomfortable that no one stays long.
But why does this matter? Defenders say it keeps public spaces clean, safe, and available for everyone. Critics argue it’s inhumane and targets vulnerable populations, pushing them into less visible and often more dangerous areas. A 2019 report from the University of California, Berkeley highlighted that hostile architecture can increase social stigma and reduce the sense of community.
Not all cities agree with this approach. Some, like London and San Francisco, have started reviewing and removing hostile designs, opting instead for multipurpose furniture like planters or curved seating that still looks inviting. Others are exploring low-cost, humane options like sleeping pods or shelters.
So next time you see that oddly uncomfortable bench, you’ll know: it’s not bad luck. It’s bad urban policy.