Selecting the right urban benches is crucial for managing public space usage. When the goal is to actively discourage sleeping or skateboarding, specific design features become paramount. The most common and effective strategy involves incorporating elements of "hostile architecture" or "defensive design.
For deterring sleeping, benches are designed to be uncomfortable for lying down. This can be achieved through several methods:
* Divided Seating: Individual seats with solid armrests placed at regular intervals prevent a person from stretching out horizontally.
* Sloped Surfaces: A slightly angled seating surface makes lying down unstable and uncomfortable.
* Anti-Sleep Spikes/Studs: While controversial, small, discreet studs or bumps on flat surfaces like planter edges or low walls make those areas unsuitable for resting.
To prevent skateboarding, the focus is on disrupting the smooth, grindable surfaces that skateboarders seek.
* Skateboard Deterrents: These are metal or epoxy knobs, often called "skate stoppers," installed along the edges (ledges) of benches. They make grinding tricks impossible.
* Material Choice: Opting for materials like wood or textured, non-slippery metal can be less appealing than smooth, slide-able concrete or steel.
* Fixed, Sturdy Installation: Ensuring the bench is immovably fixed to the ground eliminates any potential for movement or "ollies."
Beyond the bench itself, strategic placement is key. Installing benches in well-lit, highly visible areas with high foot traffic naturally discourages prolonged, unauthorized use. It is important to note that these design choices are part of a broader ethical discussion about inclusivity and the use of public space. While they address specific maintenance and safety concerns for municipalities and businesses, they also raise questions about how urban design treats vulnerable populations. Ultimately, the selection should balance practical management needs with social responsibility.