That's an excellent question, and the honest answer is: it depends. There's no single universal timeline, as frequency hinges on several key factors. Primarily, you should plan on refinishing or repainting your park benches every 1 to 3 years for optimal protection and appearance. However, this is a guideline, not a rule.
The most reliable method is to conduct a simple visual and tactile inspection annually. Look for these telltale signs that it's time for a refresh: the wood appears gray, dry, or has small cracks; the existing paint or stain is flaking, peeling, or blistering; or the surface no longer sheds water but instead absorbs it, darkening the wood.
The local climate is a major driver. Benches in harsh, sunny coastal areas or regions with heavy snow and freeze-thaw cycles may need attention annually. Those in milder, sheltered environments might stretch to three years. The material matters greatly. Dense hardwoods like oak or teak can often go longer between treatments than softer woods like pine. The quality of the previous job and the products used also set the pace. A proper sanding and application of a high-quality, UV-resistant sealant or paint will always outlast a rushed, thin coat.
Proactive maintenance is far more cost-effective than replacement. A consistent schedule protects the wood from rot, prevents metal fasteners from corroding, and ensures a welcoming, cared-for public space. When in doubt, err on the side of caution. Refinishing a slightly weathered bench is simpler than restoring one that has been neglected for years.