That's a great and very practical question! The short answer is: it depends entirely on the specific bench and retailer, but the vast majority of outdoor benches require some level of assembly upon arrival.
Typically, outdoor benches are shipped either flat-packed (in a box with all parts disassembled) or partially assembled. Full, ready-to-use assembly is rare for shipping efficiency and cost reasons. The product description on the retailer's website is your best guide—look for terms like "assembly required," "some assembly needed," or "ready to assemble."
For flat-packed benches, you'll receive all components (legs, seat slats, backrest, hardware pack) and a set of instructions. Common assembly steps involve attaching the legs to the seat frame, securing the backrest, and fastening all bolts or screws. A basic toolkit (screwdrivers, wrench, sometimes an Allen key) is usually sufficient. The process often takes 20-45 minutes.
Partially assembled benches might have the main frame constructed, requiring you to attach only the legs, arms, or slats. This simplifies the process significantly.
Always check the listing details before purchasing. If you prefer zero hassle, look for "fully assembled" options or inquire about local white-glove delivery and assembly services, though these come at a premium. A little DIY is standard, but it's a straightforward project that gets you enjoying your new outdoor spot in no time.